Anaerobic Treatment

Organisation that implemented the case study

IFRC

Geographic location

Cox's Bazar
Bangladesh

Main treatment objectives

BOD / COD Reduction
Nutrient reduction
Pathogen reduction

Opex per real input flow

5 USD/m³

Required space

0.02 m²/m³ of design input flow

Resources needed for operation

Chemicals
Electricity

Technologies employed

Activated sludge
Anaerobic baffled reactor
Disinfection
Glass beads filter
Settling-thickening tank

Design population

20 000 persons

Design input flow

10 m²/day

Capex / design input flow

2 022.00 USD/m³/day

Source of sludge

Pit latrines affected by groundwater infiltraton

Final outputs

Effluent
Sludge

Skills level

FSM specialist for construction
FSM specialist for design
FSM specialist for operation and maintenance

Real input flow

22 m³/day

TS Reduction

78 %

COD Reduction

88 %
Geographic location

Cox's Bazar -
Bangladesh

Main treatment objectives
BOD / COD Reduction
Nutrient reduction
Pathogen reduction
Technologies employed
Activated sludge
Anaerobic baffled reactor
Disinfection
Glass beads filter
Settling-thickening tank
Design population
20000 persons
Source of sludge
Pit latrines affected by groundwater infiltraton
Final outputs
Effluent
Sludge

Time construction and commissioning

TS Reduction
78.00 %
Opex per real input flow
5.00 USD/m³
Required space
0.02 m²/m³ of design input flow
Design input flow
10.00 m²/day
Skills level
FSM specialist for construction
FSM specialist for design
FSM specialist for operation and maintenance
COD Reduction
88.00 %
Resources needed for operation
Chemicals
Electricity
Capex / design input flow
2022.00 USD/m³/day
Real input flow
22.00 m³/day

Description of the emergency context

No more description

Description of the treatment process

No treatment process description.

Assessment & design (feasibility)

The anaerobic baffled reactor is used as pretreatment, to remove solids from the waste The plant is located next to a creek line that has been widened. It is a topography composed of plains and plateaus. The site has yet to be flooded, however potential flooding could occur in large rainfall event (e.g. 1 in 50 years).

Construction

Equipment package comes with 12 kVA genset and wiring for connection to renewable energy. Water is needed for inception and backwash. The aerator and oloid are coming from Germany, the Oxfam tanks are also imported from abroad. The construction lasts 2-5 days and the inception time is about 4 weeks or more depending on waste characteristics. The cost is $180,000 per treatment line ($9.00 per person) excluding works, plus local materials (e.g.fencing, gravel). It includes genset rather than renewable energy source. The skills required for set up and oversight is aerobic treatment expertise.

Operation and maintenance

The skills required for daily operation and maintenance is basic mechanical and electric skills & low skill labour. Water is needed for inception and backwash. A fully functional faecal sludge quality laboratory is a requirement for this unit. The cost is $5 per m3 treated, reduced with use of renewable energy. It excludes sludge transport cost. There is a 2.2m3 inflow every day, and 2.5m3 of output is produced every 3 days, with a 10% solids (100 kg / m3). The output sludge production in comparison to sludge input flow is 38 kg/m3. BOD is not measured. The COD average influent concentration is 23,600 mg/L and the COD average effluent concentration is 1,100 mg/L. The COD reduction is 88%. The faecal coliforms are fully removed due to current chlorination dosage. The average TS influent concentration is 22 g/kg and the outlet concentration is 5 kg//kg. The TS reduction is 78%. The average pH for influent is 8.1 and the average pH for effluent is 7.9. The helminth eggs average influent concentration is 266 eggs/g and the helminth eggs average effluent concentration is 3 eggs/g. The helminth eggs reduction is 98%. The unit does not produce strong odours or attract insects but the unit should be as far from settlement as possible while still allowing for efficient delivery of faecal waste. Washing facilities and PPEs are available. The site is fenced. Fencing and security are needed for health and safety and theft prevention. Drainage is implemented. An estimated 0.1 m3 of dried sludge and 10 m3 of treated wastewater is discharged per day (wastewater can safely be used for irrigation or added to a surface waterway).

Lessons learned

Strengths

- Odour and solid reduction
- Low land use
- Effective and efficient

Weaknesses

Sharable project files

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